I've been following a lot of articles and blogs discussing the failure of western European nations to assimilate their Arab immigrant populations. These articles and discussions often compare the immigrate experience of the US as compare to Europe. The consensus is that in the US, the children of immigrants are totally assimilated into the US by the time they reach adulthood. They note that African and Arab immigrants to Europe seem to be stuck as second class citizens, crammed in to ghettos, and denied opportunities to grow.
I'm not saying the the US is better or worse. Nor is either side of the Atlantic perfect. But observers note that in the US, Arab immigrants tend to universally be totally plugged and integrated into the US culture.
These articles then tend to go on to speculate as to why this is. These is where they tend to go off the rails with racist crap, US bashing, Europe bashing, Arab bashing, etc. I think the reason for this is very simple. It is simply a statistical quirk caused by some very real "environmental" conditions. I put the word "environmental" in quotes because I mean the environment that an immigrate lives and works.
I've broken down the reasons for these differences below.
(1) Proximity to the Middle East.The Turks and other ME immigrants can literally drive to German in one or two long days. It allows immigrates to visit home quicker. The visits home reinforce their old culture. It also allows more of their kinfolk to join them in Europe. Which reduces the need to assimilate.
Conversely, moving to the US from the Middle East takes a lot more effort. It costs more money. It takes more time. So once a poor immigrant is in the US, they tend to stay put.
(2) Legal versus IllegalBecause of the proximity to the middle east, Europe tends to get more illegal immigrants from near by Middle East and North Africa. In the US, most of our illegal immigrants come from nearby Mexico and Central America. Hence, Europe's illegals are statistically going to be Arab or African. And the US's illegals are statistically going to be Latin American.
Being an illegal is tough. They have to stay below the radar, and tend to stick together for. It is no different here or in Europe.
(3) Size of US versus Europe.The scale of size and the homogeneously of the US makes it much easier to move around within the US. When an immigrant arrives in the US, they have an enormous choice of places to settle. In Europe, the nations there are the size of small to medium US states.
(4) US car culture.Even when one particular immigrant group tends to congregate in one city, such as Armenians and Iranians in Los Angeles, the size of the US cities forces them to diversify. The US car culture is what allows this to happen.
People tend to scatter throughout the city depending on housing prices, job locations, and commuting. Hence, they end up interacting with other Americans. The car allows people more choices on where to live. Thusly, other factors such housing prices, school districts, proximity to work are much larger factor in deciding where to sink one's roots.
Compare that to Europe were some neighborhoods are very segmented by ethnic and culture classes. In large European cities, one can pretty much stick to their neighborhood and get everything they need. It most US cities, it is hard to survive in one spot without a car.
In the US, the children of immigrates tend to grow up and move the other states, cities, and neighborhoods. They do not want to live next door to mom and dad.
(5) The Social Care Net.I think the fact that the US does not have universal health care and relatively harsh welfare benefits tends to discourage those who wish to migrate simple to be taken care of. You don't move the US to get health care for your family unless you plan to work to pay for it.
I think we tend to get the more enterprising immigrants. We get those who want to improve their lot in life by working hard and having the opportunity to be rewarded for risks. I think the US tends to get the cream of the crop, so to speak.
(6) Business opportunitiesI can't answer to if it easer to start a business in Europe or the US. But I think it is safe to say that it is probably easer in the US. More important is the fact that a business owner will be able to keep more of their profits in the US.
It might be true that some European nations have made it easier for small business to get started. But after the business grows, they are subjected to the full weight of supporting the welfare-nanny state.
In the US, it seems that the larger the business, and the wealthier one is, the less one has to pay in taxes. So if you have big plans, then the US is the place to be. If you want to stay small and safe, then go to Europe.
(7) The US Higher Education System.There is to parts to this. (A) is opportunity, and (B) is location.
Opportunity: In Europe, teenagers tend to be forced in to one of two "life tracks". They are either put on the labor track and given industrial training. Or they are put on the university track and to get a degree and become a professional. These decisions are made, or made for them, when they are around 14 years old. Once put on the labor track, it tends to reinforce itself.
In the US, every teenager is encouraged to attend college and get a degree. It does not matter what their plans are for a career. In the US I think that people know that teenagers really don't know what they want to do when they grow up. You can stay in school in the US until 21 and still not decide to be a doctor or a plumber.
This system allows more teenagers to mature and to experience higher education. This will give them a chance to realize that they can do more with their lives.
Location: In the US, when a teenager decided to attend college, they usually leave home, often to another city within their state. They get immersed into a college town culture. This opens up a huge world to them of new people and ideas. It breaks them out of the little world their parents sheltered them in. When they go back home, they see their family and neighborhood with new eyes and new ideas. Their world is now bigger than anything their immigrant parents could even envision.
In Europe, college students tend to live a home with mom and dad. Within the school, then tend to stick within clicks of their own type. They don't tend to break out of their cultural shell as much.
So between the greater opportunities to even attend a university, and the total immersion that occurs when one does go, it greatly increases the odds that the children of immigrates will assimilate.
(8) NationalismThe US is a nation of immigrants. Europe is a collection of nations, each with their own language, history, and culture. In the US, citizens tend to think of themselves as Americans first, then their state second. This is the opposite of Europe, where one's loyalty is to their nation before Europe.
Hence. It is harder to assimilate in Europe. It takes a long, long time to become a citizen who is indistinquishable from the locals. Immigrants, and he children of immigrants, find it harder to be totally accepted. I'm sure it can be veyr frustrating to someone who was born and raised in Europe to be treated like they just got off the boat that morning.